Research at the Institute for Strategic Clarity

Research Initiatives

Research Focus

In our field work and laboratory research, we have found that some people operate with far greater clarity in complex systems. We have also observed the level of understanding shift in people. This has held across industries, organizational levels, sectors, countries, and languages.

While at first it was easy to assume that it was our brilliance or great methodology that caused this shift in their clarity, our research questions that. Based on this observation, the questions that we have been working on focus on:

—	what is different about clear people	specification of clarity
—	what influences that clarity	antecedents to clarity
—	clarity for what	consequences of clarity

The Institute's approach to these three questions has focused on three areas.

In characterizing strategy within complex systems from a more comprehensive, rigorous and integrative that is simple enough to understand, we have pulled from and published in the literature on systems thinking, system dynamics, and management science. We have published a book on this through John Wiley & Sons, as well as papers in the System Dynamics Review, Human Systems Management, and a number of practitioner journals.

In characterizing people's understanding of complex systems, we have focused on contributing to the social cognition literature on the structure of mental models. We have a series of papers under review on this.

In characterizing systems experiencing/feeling, we have focused on the literature on organizational learning and spiritual traditions. We have designed a series of experiments for this that we will initiate in the fall 2004.

Current Status

Project: Collaborative Holistic Inquiry in Guatemala
	Research Team: Jim Ritchie-Dunham (co-steward), R. Scott Spann, Steve Waddell (co-steward)
	Research Focus: Specification of societal collaborative, holistic inquiry, its antecedents and consequences, with multiple stakeholders across governments, corporations, civil society, and global action networks
	Broader Impacts: Demonstration of: (1) the strategic probabilities in the seemingly impossible in societal collaboration; (2) the ability to hear and act with the voice of a broad, vulnerable collective, in deep conflict with its stakeholders; (3) the capacity of local leaders to lead these processes; and (4) the integration of efforts across global action networks.
	Funding Support: CARE, GAN-Net, Institute for Strategic Clarity.
	Current Status: The society-level project with CARE in Guatemala consisted in four visits from February 2004 to February 2005. This project is described in the reports below. The community-level project, focusing on a watershed in the Coatan region began in May 2007. For more information on this project, contact us.
	Reports: The following reports describe different perspectives on the society-level project. The End of Poverty - The Beginning of Self-determination: An Integral Systemic Exploration of Self-determination in Guatemala, James Ritchie-Dunham, March 2007. A white paper on the collaborative holistic inquiry process used in this project, R. Scott Spann, May 2007. A learning history of the project (the perspective of the participants in the process), Steve Waddell, March 2005. Commitment to this project at the Clinton Global Initiative 2005. Published Articles A Collaborative-Systemic Strategy Addressing the Dynamics of Poverty in Guatemala: Converting Seeming Impossibilities into Strategic Probabilities, James Ritchie-Dunham. In Alleviating Poverty through Business Strategy, edited by C. Wankel. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. The Promise of Systems Thinking, Scott Spann and James Ritchie-Dunham, The Systems Thinker, 19(7), 6-10, 2008.

Project: Ecosynomics
	Research Team: Sandy Hessler, Kimberly King, Jim Ritchie-Dunham (co-steward), Fred Simon (co-steward)
	Research Focus: Identifying, elaborating, and testing the axioms of collaboration. Building on the foundations of economics, ecosynomics provides the axioms for collaboration. While recognizing the bigger interplay of the cultural, political, and economic spheres, ecosynomics focuses initially on the axioms that influence the primary agreements driving individuals today.
	Broader Impacts: A world of harmonic stability, where people collaboratively contribute their unique gifts for the benefit of themselves and of the whole, is possible, within 40 years. The task taken up here is to shift the fundamental axioms underpinning current primary individual and collective agreements.
	Funding Support: Azima, Institute for Strategic Clarity, Philip Schultz Memorial Fund.

Project: Mindfulness
	Research Team: Jim Ritchie-Dunham (co-steward), Ellen J. Langer (co-steward)
	Research Focus: Re-integrating the mind and body, relating mindfulness to behavioral outcomes.
	Broader Impacts: Clear link between mindful interventions and outcomes, in preventive foot health, everyday meetings, strategy processes, and developmental systems thinking.
	Funding Support: Growing Edge Partners, Harvard University, Institute for Strategic Clarity, Institute for Preventive Foot Health.

Project: Strategy for Global Action Networks
	Research Team: Pieter Glasbergen, Kimberly King, Jim Ritchie-Dunham (co-steward), Steve Waddell (co-steward)
	Research Focus: A key part of a global action network's work is to create conversations among stakeholders in an issue (e.g., water, forests, youth employment, corruption), to identify the issue as a common concern, develop joint understanding, and support a virtuous cycle of activities to address the issue. We are interviewing 20 GAN leaders, as the basis for exploratory conversations among global leaders, leading to a Clarity Forum on this topic.
	Broader Impacts: Greater clarity about the power this new strategy has on its structure and governance, addressing questions such as: How does one engage a global conversation for action - recognizing it, making it explicit, engaging others in it, enacting it globally, and continuing to recognize it as it evolves? How do a GAN's structure, governance, and strategy nurture or debilitate its ability to steward the enactment of this evolving conversation?
	Funding Support: Anonymous donor, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, GAN-Net, Institute for Strategic Clarity.
	Reports: The following stories and commentaries are now available on-line. Stop TB Partnership (Anant Vijay) and Global Water Partnership (Gwynne Beris) with Commentaries (Patrice Barrat and Kimberly King)

	Research Team: Dacil Acevedo (co-steward), Luz Maria Puente (co-steward), Jim Ritchie-Dunham, Steve Waddell
	Research Focus: To create a deeper understanding on how to enrich a GAN's strategic global plan introducing the System Thinking principles using the "Managing from Clarity" framework.
	Broader Impacts: The multi-sectorial, multinational and multi-stakeholder nature of GANs brings a new type of complexity that requires Systems Thinking to better support the great challenges they face to truly impact social good and global development. Youth Employment Systems (YES) has offered to be the first GAN for this research project. YES will create a systemic action plan for Latin America, aligning the vision and strategy for the leaders in the region. The process will be documented and evaluated to see how can it be best applied to other GANs.
	Funding Support: Youth Employment Systems (YES), Institute for Strategic Clarity.

Project: Women's Empowerment through Microfinance
	Research Team: Kimberly King (co-steward), Luz Maria Puente, Jim Ritchie-Dunham (co-steward)
	Research Focus: Specification of "women's empowerment," its antecedents and consequences.
	Broader Impacts: Discover the methods of microfinance that will most empower the 200 million women that will receive microfinance in the next 10 years.
	Funding Support: Cleon and Jane Dunham Foundation, Institute for Strategic Clarity.
	Reports: Details are available on-line. Clarity Forum on Women's Empowerment wiki (including agendas, audios, transcripts, and commitments made in a global forum)

Publications

Audios

The following audio files, in MP4 format, introduce a systemic framework we call "Thinking Strategically with Clarity."

Session 1

Session 2

Books

Waddell, Steve. 2005. Societal Learning and Change: How Governments, Business and Civil Society are Creating Solutions to Complex Multi-Stakeholder Problems, Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing.

"... an invaluable guide in building a future we can be proud to leave for our grandchildren."

Peter M. Senge

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2002. Balanced Scorecards, Mental Models, and Organizational Performance. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, Management Science and Information Systems, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas. Available on-line (3.0MB) or through UMI (pub# ATT 3082891).

Ritchie-Dunham, James and Hal Rabbino. 2001. Managing from Clarity: Identifying, Aligning and Leveraging Strategic Resources, Chichester: Wiley.

"Full of useful ideas well argued and well presented."

Book Review in Long Range Planning (2002, 35 (3), p. 330)

Audios, co-author James Ritchie-Dunham reading the book.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1996. Technologies for the Competitive Mexican Industry: Quality Administration (In Spanish).

Papers

Spann, R. Scott and James L. Ritchie-Dunham. 2008. Shifting the Fundamental Dynamics of Poverty, The Systems Thinker, 19(7), 6-10.

Ritchie-Dunham, James L. and Luz María Puente. 2008. Strategic Clarity: Actions for Identifying and Correcting Gaps in Mental Models, Long Range Planning, 41(5) 509-529.

Ritchie-Dunham, James L. 2008. A Collaborative-Systemic Strategy Addressing the Dynamics of Poverty in Guatemala: Converting Seeming Impossibilities into Strategic Probabilities. In Alleviating Poverty through Business Strategy, edited by C. Wankel. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Spann, R. Scott. 2007. Impossible, White Paper on Collaborative Holistic Inquiry project in Guatemala, Wilton, NH: Institute for Strategic Clarity, May.

Ritchie-Dunham, James L., Douglas J. Morrice, Edward G. Anderson, Jr., and James S. Dyer. 2007. A Simulation Exercise to Illustrate the Impact of an Enterprise System on a Service Supply Chain, INFORMS Transactions on Education, 7(3).

Rabbino, Hal and James Ritchie-Dunham. 2006. Managing the Global to Local Paradox, The Systems Thinker, 17(6), 8-10.

Waddell, Steve, Allen White, Simon Zadek, Sasha Radovich, and in collaboration with Sanjeev Khagram. 2006. The Future of Global Action Networks: The Challenges and Potential. A Report to USAID – GDA, Boston: Global Action Network Net.

Waddell, Steve. 2005. A Learning History of the CARE-LAC - Institute for Strategic Clarity Guatemala Poverty Project, Report, Institute for Strategic Clarity, March 15.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2005. The Four Truths of Clarity, Reflections; The SoL Journal of Knowledge, Learning and Change, 6(6/7), vi-vii.

Pruitt, Bettye and Steve Waddell. 2005. Dialogic Approaches to Global Challenges: Moving from “Dialogue Fatigue” to Dialogic Change Processes, in Generative Dialogue Project, Generative Dialogue Project..

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2004. A Framework for Achieving Clarity for You and Your Organization, The Systems Thinker, 15(7), September, 7-8.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2004. Customer Base Dynamics, The Connector: Connecting Systems Thinkers Around the World, 2(5), September-October.

Waddell, Steve. 2004. The Global Compact as a New Organisational Form: A Global Action Network, Chapter 20 in (Eds) M. MacIntosh, S. Waddock, and G. Kell, Learning to Talk: Corporate Citizenship and the Development of the UN Global Compact, Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publishing.

Rabbino, Hal, Cleon Dunham, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 2004. Optimizing the Organizational Design of a Typical Upstream Exploration and Production Company, Journal of Petroleum Technology, February.

Georgantzas, Nicholas, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 2003. Designing High-Leverage Strategies and Tactics, Human Systems Management, 22(1), 1-11.

Waddell, Steve. 2003. Global Action Networks: A Global Invention Helping Business Make Globalisation Work for All, Journal of Corporate Citizenship,12, 27-42.

Puente, Luz Maria, and Hal Rabbino. 2003. Creating Value with Strategic Resources, The Connector: Connecting Systems Thinkers Around the World, 1(5), September-October.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. Core Competencies: A Key Force in Business-Government-Civil Society Collaboration. Journal of Corporate Citizenship. 3(4):19-27. Summer.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. New Era Societal Learning Leadership: Six core concepts to cross the development divides. Reflections: Journal of the Society for Organizational Learning. 3(4):19-27. Summer.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. Analysis: Transforming Corporate Supply Chains into Whole Systems. Ethical Corporation Magazine, August 5.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. Bringing Ethics, Effectiveness, Communications and Participation into Global Decision-Making. Corporate Ethics Monitor. 14 (1), 14-15.

Plummer, Janelle, and Steve Waddell. 2002. Building on the Assets of Potential Partners. (Ed) Janelle Plummer. Chapter 6 in Focusing Partnerships: A Sourcebook for Municipal Capacity-Building in Public-Private Partnerships. London, UK: Earthscan Publications LTD. (for UNDP, DFID University of Birmingham and GHK International).

Waddell, Steve. 2002. NGO's Role in Business Strategies. Corporate Ethics Monitor. Toronto, Canada: Clarkson Centre for Business Ethics, University of Toronto, 13(3).

Rabbino, Hal. 2001. Thriving Under New Corporate Complexity, Ask the Experts at Foreview.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2001. Letter to the Editor, Reflections: The SoL Journal, 2(3).

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Engaging Business in Youth Employment and Livelihood: Strategies and Practical Steps. What Works Series, Volume 4, Baltimore, MD: International Youth Foundation.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Cisco Systems Visio Yields Social Capital and Meaning. Reflections: The SoL Journal. 3(1): 20-21.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Societal Learning: Creating Change Strategies for Large Systems Change. The Systems Thinker, 12 (10): 1-5.

Homer, Jack, James Ritchie-Dunham, Hal Rabbino, Luz Maria Puente, James Jorgensen, and Kate Hendricks. 2000. A Dynamic Theory of Antibiotic Resistance, System Dynamics Review, 16(4): 287-319.

Waddell, Steve, and R.N. Aarthi. 2000. The Road Ahead. Down to Earth Magazine. New Delhi: Centre for Science and the Environment. 9(12). Nov. 15: 24-27.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. Emerging Models for Developing Water Systems for the Rural Poor: From Contracts to Co-Production. Research and Survey Series. London, UK: Business Partners for Development.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. A "Win-Win" Role for Civil Society in Business Strategy. Journal for Nonprofit Management. 4 (1). Summer. 24-43.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. The Role of Nonprofits in Business Strategy. Chapter 14 in Blendell, Jem (ed.) Terms for Endearment: Business, NGOs and Sustainable Development. Sheffield, UK: Greenleaf Publications.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. New Institutions for the Practice of Corporate Citizenship: Historical, Intersectoral, and Developmental Perspectives. Business & Society Review. Spring.

Ritchie-Dunham, James, and Annabel Membrillo. 2000. "Reconciling Local and Global Goals: A Systemic View of the Organizational Map, The Systems Thinker, 11(2). Also available in Spanish as Reconciliando las Metas Locales y Globales: Una Visión Sistémica del Mapa Organizacional, El Pensador Sistémico, 11(2), Marzo 2000. [Please see The Systems Thinker copyright notice.]

Ritchie-Dunham, James, and Annabel Membrillo. 1999. Breaking Down Functional Blinders: A Systemic View of the Organizational Map, The Systems Thinker, 10(10). Also available in Spanish as Rompiendo Las Divisiones Funcionales: Una Visión Sistémica del Mapa Organizacional, El Pensador Sistémico, 10(10), Dic/Ene 1999/2000. [Please see The Systems Thinker copyright notice.]

Dunham, Cleon, Keith Mutimer, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1999. Production System Optimisation: A Technical Focus, A Business Focus, Exploration and Production NewsLetter, Shell International Exploration and Production B.V., October.

Ritchie-Dunham, James and Jorge Mendez Galvan. 1999. Evaluating Epidemic Intervention Strategies with Systems Thinking: A Case Study of Dengue in Mexico, System Dynamics Review, 15(2): 119-138.

Dunham, Cleon, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1999. Pushing on Supply -- Is This the Right Thing To Do?," EP Spectrum International: The Newsletter for the SIEP/SEPIV organization and Shell Staff in the EP Sector, April.

Ritchie-Dunham, James, and Annabel Membrillo. 1999. In "Applying the Systems Archetypes," Leverage: News and Ideas for the Organizational Learner, June.

Waddell, Steve. 1997. Market-Civil Society Partnership Formation: A Status Report on Activity, Strategies, and Tools. IDR Report. 13 (5).

Waddell, Steve, and L. David Brown. 1997. Fostering Intersectoral Partnering: A Guide to Promoting Cooperation Among Government, Business, and Civil Society Actors. IDR Report. 13 (3).

Waddell, Steve, and L.D. Brown. 1997. Five Steps in Building Intersectoral Relationships. In NPI Partnership Guide. Washington, D.C.: USAID. Chapter 5.

Waddell, Steve. 1997. The Four Pros of Bank-Community Relationships: Profits, Property, Process and Products. IDR Report. 13 (1).

Waddell, Steve. 1997. A Survey of Civil Society-Business Relationships. IDR Report. 12(2).

Waddell, Steve. 1997. Building Bank-Community Based Organization Partnerships. Washington, DC: The National Community Reinvestment Coalition and Department of Housing and Urban Development..

Waddell, Steve. 1996. Strategies for Change: More Banks Discover the Benefits of Social-Financial Management. Executive Citizen. 5(2).

Waddell, Steve. 1995. Banking Mergers: 'Social Financial' Management. The Boston Globe. Nov. 21. Business Section, p. 38.

Waddell, Steve. 1995. Emerging Social-Economic Institutions in the Venture Capital Industry: An Appraisal. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 54(3).

Waddell, Steve. 1995. Lessons from the Healthy Cities Movement for Social Indicator Development. Social Indicators Research, 34(1): 213-235.

Ortiz, Federico, Jorge Mendez, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1995. The Learning Organization in Decision Making in the Health Sector: The Case of Dengue (In Spanish), Salud Publica, 37(7): 77-87.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1994. System Dynamics in the Learning Organization (In Spanish), Soluciones Avanzadas, December, 20 - 23.

Presentations

Ritchie-Dunham, James, and David Peter Stroh. 2005. Gaining Traction on Complex Issues:Poverty in Guatemala and Civil War in Burundi, Systems Thinking in Action Conference, San Francisco, CA, November.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2005. Understanding the Underlying Dynamics of Poverty in Guatemala: A Work in Progress with CARE, System Dynamics Winter Camp, University of Texas at Austin, January.

Waddell, Steve. 2005. Social Integration: A Global Societal Learning and Change Perspective. Social Integration: Global Experts Meeting. New York, NY: United Nations - DESA.

Rabbino, Hal, Alejandro Chávez, and Raúl García. 2004. GRASP the Future: How Applied Systems Thinking Is Shaping A Mexican Multinational, 3rd International Conference on Systems Thinking in Management, Philadelphia, PA, May 19-21.

Waddell, Steve, and Verna Allee. 2004. Global Action Networks and the Evolution of Global Public Policy Systems, 3rd International Conference on Systems Thinking in Management, Philadelphia, PA, May 19 - 21.

Rabbino, Hal, and Cleon Dunham. 2004. Challenges Faced by Typical E&P Companies, Southwestern Petroleum Short Course, Lubbock, Texas, April 22 and 23.

Waddell, Steve. 2004. NGO Strategies to Engage Business: A Status Discussion Paper on Trends and Critical Issues. GAN-Net, Boston, MA. With CIVICUS and Oxfam-USA. March.

Ritchie-Dunham, James, Hal Rabbino, and Cleon Dunham. 2003. Optimizing the Organizational Design of a Typical Upstream Exploration and Production Company, Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Meeting, Denver, CO, Fall. This presentation was published in the Journal of Petroleum Technology, February 2004.

García Madrid, Conrado, Membrillo Annabel and Jorge Cepeda. 2003. Una experiencia de aprendizaje: Modelo y Simulación de Decisiones Estratégicas de Negocios, 1er Congreso de Dinámica de Sistemas Latinoamérica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, Abril.

Membrillo Jiménez Annabel, and Conrado García Madrid. 2003. Integración de herramientas para la planeación estratégica y administración del Sistema de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado de León, 1er Congreso de Dinámica de Sistemas Latinoamérica, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, Abril.

Waddell, Steve. 2003. The Access Initiative January 2003: A Report on Development Issues at Two Years of Age, A Report to the Global Reporting Initiative, January.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2003. Mental Models for Sustainable Social Systems, System Dynamics Winter Camp, University of Texas at Austin, January 2003.

Waddell, Steve and Verna Allee. 2002. GRI Network Development: South Africa, A Report to the Global Reporting Initiative, November.

Davis, Fred, James Ritchie-Dunham, John Aloysius, Javier Lerch, and Michael Davern. 2002. Cognitive Processes in Dynamic Decision Support,” Invited Panel Session. Decision Sciences Institute, San Diego, CA, November.

Ritchie-Dunham, James and Hal Rabbino. 2002. Managing from Clarity: A Process for Large System Change, Invited Session. Society for Organizational Learning, Cambridge, MA, June.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. Global Public Policy Networks: An Innovative Approach to Collaboratively Addressing Global Opportunities and Problems,” International Association of Business and Society Annual Meeting. Victoria, Canada. June 27-30.

Waddell, Steve. 2002. Business-Government-Civil Society Collaborations: A Brief Review of Key Conceptual Foundations. International Association of Business and Society Annual Meeting. Sedona, NM. March 15-18.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2001. Informing Mental Models for Strategic Decision Making with ERPs and the Balanced Scorecard: A Simulation-Based Experiment, System Dynamics Society 19th International Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. Summer.

Rabbino, Hal. 2001. Systemic Negotiations, System Dynamics Society 19th International Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. Summer.

Rabbino, Hal. 2001. System Dynamics Adds Power to Oil, System Dynamics Society 19th International Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. Summer.

Membrillo Jimenez, Annabel and Conrado Garcia Madrid. 2001. An Analysis of Mexico's Critical Strategic Resources: A Future Perspective, System Dynamics Society 19th International Conference, Atlanta, Georgia. Summer.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Building Management Tools for Building Complex Global Networks: A Preliminary Report for The Access Initiative. World Resources Institute et al. August.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Building a Global Sustainable Development Consortium. A Report for the Proteus Initiative. Society for Organizational Learning - Sustainability Consortium.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. The YES Global Alliance for Youth Employment: Strategies for Development. A Report to the Youth Employment Summit. Newton, MA.

Waddell, Steve. 2001. Engaging Business in Youth Employment and Livelihood: Bridging Divides. A Study for the International Youth Foundation (Baltimore, MD, USA) and the Youth Employment Summit (Newton, MA, USA).

Waddell, Steve. 2001. The Youth Employment Summit 2002 Campaign: Key Concepts for Consideration. A Report to the Youth Employment Summit. Newton, MA.

Ritchie-Dunham, James, Douglas Morrice, Edward Anderson, and Judy Scott. 2001. A Strategic Supply Chain Simulation Model, Invited Session, SAP Research and Applications Congress, San Diego, CA, February.

Ritchie-Dunham, James, Douglas Morrice, Edward Anderson, and Judy Scott. 2000. A Strategic Supply Chain Simulation Model, Invited Session, Winter Simulation Conference 2000, Orlando, FL, December.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2000. The Theory Behind the Balanced Scorecard, Invited Session in Decision Analysis Track. INFORMS San Antonio 2000, San Antonio, TX, November.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2000. Information Relevance and Rigor as Antecedents to Strategic Clarity: Using SD to Test SAP's Strategic Enterprise Management Module with the Balanced Scorecard, Invited Session in Operations Management Track, INFORMS San Antonio 2000, San Antonio, TX, November.

Rabbino, Hal. 2000. Workshop on the Dynamic Balanced Scorecard Using ithink simulation, Kaplan and Norton's Balanced Scorecard Collaborative Annual Summit Conference (New Orleans, Louisiana), September 26-29.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. Business-Civil Society-Government Collaboration: A Brief Review of Key Concepts. Interaction Institute for Social Change. Cambridge, MA. September.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. Generating New Core Competencies for Systems Change through Business-Civil Society Collaboration: The Emerging Mutual Gain Perspective. Presentation for the Discovering Connections Conference. Detroit: University of Michigan and Visteon. September.

Garcia Madrid, Conrado and Annabel Membrillo. 2000. Managing the Strategic Resources to Sustainably Achieve the Global Goal of the Mexican Light and Power Company, System Dynamics Society 18th International Conference, Bergen, Norway. Summer.

Rabbino, Hal. 2000. Integrating Dynamic Modeling into the Strategic Planning Process: A Case Study, System Dynamics Society 18th International Conference, Bergen, Norway. Summer.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2000. Directions for Information Systems Research Applications of System Dynamics, System Dynamics Society 18th International Conference, Bergen, Norway. Summer.

Garcia Madrid, Conrado, Annabel Membrillo, and Conrado Garcia Pastrana. 2000. Analizando los Recursos Estratégicos del Area de Mantenimiento de Las Redes de Distribución en Luz y Fuerza del Centro. Trigesima Reunión de Verano de Potencia y Exposición Industrial, IEEE, Acapulco, México, Julio.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. From Contracts to CO-Production: Emerging Models for Developing Water and Sanitation Systems for the Rural Poor." A Report for Mvula Trust: Johannesburg. July.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. A Case Study of Build Operate Train Transfer (BoTT) Approaches with Government, Business and Civil Society in the Water and Sanitation: Amanz'abantu. Mvula Trust, Johannesburg, South Africa. July.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. Inter-Sectoral Collaboration Development: An Analysis of Opportunities for the Interaction Institute for Social Change, IISC. June.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. A Preliminary Look at Youth Employment: The Role of the Private Sector. International Youth Foundation, Baltimore, MD; Newton, MA: Youth Employment Summit. June.

Waddell, Steve, and Piers Cross. 2000. Trends Amongst NGOs in the Water and Sanitation Sector: A Competencies-driven Geographic and Intersectoral Analysis. Second World Water Forum and Ministerial Conference. The Hague, The Netherlands: March.

Waddell, Steve. 2000. Engaging Civil Society Globally in the Global Reporting Initiative: A Strategy Discussion Paper. CERES/GRI. Boston, MA. February.

García Madrid, Conrado; Membrillo, Annabel. 2000. Análisis de Los Recursos Críticos de México: Una Perspectiva a Futuro. Foro Nacional de Análisis de la Propuesta de Reforma Constitucional a la Industria Eléctrica, Hotel Camino Real, México, February.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 2000. Information Relevance and Rigor as Antecedents to Strategic Clarity: Using SD to Test Sap's Strategic Enterprise Management Module with the Balanced Scorecard, System Dynamics Winter Camp, University of Texas at Austin, January.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. The Role of Sectoral Actors in Development: A Strategic Mutual Gain Perspective of Business-Civil Society-Government Collaboration Applied to Mvula Trust. Pan-African Conference on Financing Community Water Supply and Sanitation. November 26.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. The Evolving Strategic Benefits for Business from Nonprofit Collaboration: A Resources, Competencies and Capabilities Perspective. World Bank's Global Public Policy Network. November.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Agents in the Development and Financing of Small Enterprises: Government-Business-Civil Society Collaborations. InterAmerican Development Bank. October.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Wealth Creation and Management Through a Collaboration Between Government, the Disabled Community and VanCity (financial institution): Developing a Strategic Approach. A Report to the Board. October.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Partnering to Improve Development Impact. A Report to USAID/Guinea on Its Partnership Innovations.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Government-Business-Civil Society Collaborations as Agents for Social Learning and Innovation. Academy of Management Annual Meeting Cincinnati, OH. August.

Georgantzas, Nicholas and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1999. Designing High Leverage Strategies and Tactics, System Dynamics Society 17th International Conference, New Zealand. Summer. See "Papers" section for the published version of this paper.

Membrillo, Annabel, James Ritchie-Dunham, and Conrado García Madrid. 1999. Applying System-Wide Discovery Analysis to the Market Growth Model. System Dynamics Society 17th International Conference, New Zealand. Summer.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. An Introduction to Trisectoral Strategies." Harvard International Development Institute. April.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Trisectoral Coproducers: A New Type of Development Organization. World Bank. March 24.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Intersectoral Reference Book for USAID Missions. January.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. A Strategic Frameworks for Explaining and Building Government-Business-Civil Society Collaborations. MacArthur Foundation/Institute for Development Research. January. Presented to the Foundation in March.

Waddell, Steve. 1999. Mvula Trust: Building the Mission with a Pty (forprofit affiliate). A Report on Issues and Strategies to Develop a Pty-affiliate of the Trust.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1998. Systemic Leverage: Finding Leverage in Complex Systems in the Real World, System Dynamics Society 16th International Conference, Quebec, Canada. July 20 - 23.

Forrest, C. Jay. 1998. System Dynamics, Alternative Futures, and Scenario Planning,System Dynamics Society 16th International Conference, Quebec, Canada. July 20 - 23.

Rabbino, Hal. 1998. Applying the Principles of Co-opetition With System Dynamics Tools, System Dynamics Society 16th International Conference, Quebec, Canada. July 20 - 23.

Membrillo, Annabel and Ulli H. Koenig. 1998. Impact of Individual Knowledge on the Increase of Sustainable Intellectual Capital of Organizations - A Systemic Approach, System Dynamics Society 16th International Conference, Quebec, Canada. July 20 - 23.

Garcia, Conrado. 1998. How to Leverage the Systemic Leverage Analysis to Improve Learning Laboratories, System Dynamics Society 16th International Conference, Quebec, Canada. July 20 - 23.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1998. Managing Cultural Change, Workshop, Hochschule fur Musik Franz Liszt Weimar, Weimar, Germany. July 13 -18.

Garcia Madrid, Conrado. 1998. Systems Thinking Applied to Distribution Network Maintenance for Luz y Fuerza del Centro, (in Spanish). IEEE conference, Acapulco, Mexico. July 12-17.

Waddell, Steve. 1998. Report on Deal Demand: Step II of an Inquiry to Identify Interventions that Will Significantly Increase Community Oriented Small and Medium Enterprise in Southern Countries. June.

Waddell, Steve. 1998. Synergistic Bridging Organizations: A New Type of Development Organization. Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Associations 1998 Annual Meeting.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1997. Initiating Management Dialog Using a Summary Presentation that Integrates the Findings from Multiple SD Analytical Tools. System Dynamics Society 15th International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey. August.

Waddell, Steve. 1997. An Analysis of BankBoston Strategies with Its Communities. A Report for VanCity Savings. Vancouver, BC Canada: Vancouver City Savings Credit Union.

García, Conrado and Annabel Membrillo. 1997. Vehicular Congestion in Mexico City: A Systems Perspective to Solutions and Future Scenarios. System Dynamics Society 15th International Conference, Istanbul, Turkey. August.

Knotts, Rose, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1996. North Americanizing Business Schools: U.S.-Mexican International Student Exchange Company Tours. Western Academy of Management International Meeting, Guadalajara, Mexico.

Waddell, Steve. 1996. Emerging Higher Level Systems for Change: Learnings from Action Research Beyond the Organization Level. Academy of Management Annual Meeting in Washington, DC August.

Waddell, Steve. 1996. New Strategies for the Finance Industry: Building Business by Building Social Capital. The World Business Forum in Istanbul, Turkey. June.

Waddell, Steve. 1996. A New Approach to Business-Academic Education Partnerships. The World Business Forum in Istanbul, Turkey. June.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1996. Combating Bureaucratic Decisionmaking with Systems Thinking at the Mexican Secretariat of Health. INFORMS, Washington, DC May.

Garcia, Conrado, Annabel Membrillo, and James Ritchie-Dunham. 1996. Vehicular Congestion in Mexico City: A Systems Perspective to Solutions and Future Scenarios. INFORMS, Washington, DC May.

Waddell, Steve. 1996. A New Form of Enterprise. Report to the Bankers Council of the National Community Reinvestment Coalition. March.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1995. Systems Thinking in Controlling Epidemics: Strategic Planning in the Mexican Health Sector. Strategic Management Society 15th Annual International Conference Proceedings, Mexico City, Mexico. October.

Waddell, Steve. 1995. Bank Strategy as Social Capital Development. The American Sociological Association Annual Meeting in Washington, DC. August.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1995. Application of Systems Thinking in the Mexican Health Sector: An Epidemiological Case Study of Decision Policies in Combating Hemorrhaging Dengue. Third International Decision Sciences Institute Meeting, Puebla, Mexico. June.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1995. Systems Perspective for Combating Hemorrhaging Dengue, (In Spanish). General Assembly of the Mexican National Academy of Medicine, March 8.

Ritchie-Dunham, James. 1994. System Dynamics of Petroleum Development - Training for Long-term Cooperation Across Cultural Divides. System Dynamics Society 12th International Conference, Stirling, Scotland. July.

Waddell, Steve. 1994. Lessons from American Community Economic Development for VanCity Savings Credit Union. Report to the Board of Directors. April.

Waddell, Steve. 1994. Socially Guided Venture Capital Development. The Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics Annual Meeting, Paris, France. August.